The Geopolitical Recalibration of Bangladesh: How Generation Z’s Movement is Reshaping Relations with India, Pakistan, and the USA

Abstract

This study investigates the emerging role of Generation Z in influencing Bangladesh's foreign policy formulation, particularly concerning relations with India, Pakistan, and the United States. Following the significant political transformation of August 5, 2024, when student-led movements successfully ousted the previous government, this research examines how digital-native youth are reshaping traditional diplomatic narratives. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study collected quantitative data from 72 university students and qualitative insights from 2 foreign policy experts to understand generational perspectives on Bangladesh's international relations. Using the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) as a theoretical foundation, this research analyses how Generation Z constructs and disseminates foreign policy narratives through digital platforms. The findings reveal that Generation Z demonstrates heightened political awareness and advocates for sovereignty-centred, people-to-people diplomatic approaches that prioritize economic cooperation over historical antagonisms, particularly with Pakistan, while seeking balanced engagement with India and strategic partnership with the USA. This generational shift suggests a fundamental recalibration of Bangladesh's geopolitical orientation, moving from historically driven foreign policy to pragmatic, economically focused international relations.